Glossary of Terms
cell membrane - a thin, protective covering that separates the inside of a cell from its external environment and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell
cell wall - a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells
chloroplast - organelles in plant cells hat trap the energy from the Sun and make glucose as an energy source for the plant
chromosome - a threadlike structure in a cell nucleus that carries genes
chromatin - a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins
cytoplasm - a jelly-like substance within a cell containing organelles, water, and other life-supporting materials
cytoskeleton - is a dynamic network of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments that maintain the shape of the cell and play an important role in various cell activities such as cell division and movement
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - a biological molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information; composed of sugar, phosphate, and four different bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine) passed on from generation to generation during reproduction
endoplasmic reticulum - a network of membrane-covered channels within a cell that transport materials
gene - segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome, each contain information to produce proteins
golgi complex/body/apparatus - an organellethat sorts and packages proteins for transport
mitochondrion - organelles that change glucose into usable energy for use in the cell (singular: mitochondrion)
nuclear membrane - the thin outer membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus; separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm
nuclear pores - openings in the nuclear membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus
nucleolus - a membrane-free organelle that floats in the interior of the nucleus and makes ribosomes
nucleus - an organelle that controls all the activities within a cell
ribosome - an organelle without a membrane that produces proteins
vacuole - membrane-covered storage containers within cells
vesicle - membrane-covered sacs that form off the ends of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body and
that transport proteins, nutrients, and water into, out of, and around the inside of the cell
cell wall - a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells
chloroplast - organelles in plant cells hat trap the energy from the Sun and make glucose as an energy source for the plant
chromosome - a threadlike structure in a cell nucleus that carries genes
chromatin - a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins
cytoplasm - a jelly-like substance within a cell containing organelles, water, and other life-supporting materials
cytoskeleton - is a dynamic network of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments that maintain the shape of the cell and play an important role in various cell activities such as cell division and movement
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - a biological molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information; composed of sugar, phosphate, and four different bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine) passed on from generation to generation during reproduction
endoplasmic reticulum - a network of membrane-covered channels within a cell that transport materials
gene - segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome, each contain information to produce proteins
golgi complex/body/apparatus - an organellethat sorts and packages proteins for transport
mitochondrion - organelles that change glucose into usable energy for use in the cell (singular: mitochondrion)
nuclear membrane - the thin outer membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus; separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm
nuclear pores - openings in the nuclear membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus
nucleolus - a membrane-free organelle that floats in the interior of the nucleus and makes ribosomes
nucleus - an organelle that controls all the activities within a cell
ribosome - an organelle without a membrane that produces proteins
vacuole - membrane-covered storage containers within cells
vesicle - membrane-covered sacs that form off the ends of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body and
that transport proteins, nutrients, and water into, out of, and around the inside of the cell